- Sujeeth Joseph
- June 17, 2018
Industrial IC design: Functional Safety and Smart Embedded Processing
Among all market segments addressed by the integrated circuit (IC) industry, Industrial is probably the most diverse with applications ranging from plant automation, power conversion (including conventional and alternative), remote monitoring, robotics, security, battery management, man machine interfaces (MMI), general sense & actuation etc. Add to this the natural adjacency to automotive and medical, and the segmentation becomes even more diverse.
Numerous factors contribute to the acceptance of an Industrial IC including richness of Analog interfaces, wired and wireless connectivity interfaces supported, availability of a wide selection of package footprints, FLASH/SRAM content, reliability metrics in terms of range of operating conditions supported, richness of available reference boards and software eco-system, generality / specificity of the industrial problem being addressed by the IC etc. While these factors contribute significantly to the viability and successful adoption of an Industrial targeted IC, we focus on 2 specific criteria that are considered critical.
Functional Safety
Although there is a bewildering array of independent safety standards with relevance to Industrial (EN50128/9, IEC61511, IEC60880, IEC62061, IEC61513, IEC61800, to name just a few), they fall under the overarching umbrella of the IEC 61508 “Functional Safety of Electrical / Electronic / Programmable Electronic safety-related systems” standard. Many of these standards do not provide technical measures or engineering recommendations that can be used as a concrete guideline towards achieving a specific SIL (Safety Integrity Level) for an Industrial IC – restricting themselves to prescribing life-cycle / process related (eg: documentation, reviews, management) considerations. In addition, there are other related standards like the ISO26262 (“Functional safety in E/E systems in road vehicles”) which, though is automotive-targeted, finds interest in the Industrial world due to related safety considerations plus the fact that many of the primary Industrial IC vendors are also players in the Automotive IC world.
A few years ago, the general approach towards functional safety was largely one of self-regulation; due to the fragmentation of the Industrial segment (often with more than 10,000 customers in a single geography with dramatically divergent silicon volume pick-up requirements from each), many Industrial semiconductor IC vendors did not deem it worth sufficient ROI to perform formal certifications against numerous industrial safety standards. Instead, they created devices adhering to a ‘robust minima’ of safety features drawn from proven internal design recipes. The silicon vendor would then support – often utilizing specialized third-party consulting houses – the eventual industrial customer as he takes his product through a specific flavor of certification relevant to his industry segment. Today, the voluntary ‘robust minima’ approach has changed to the need for mandatory, formal certification by a recognized agency (eg. TUV) against IEC61508 of every component that went into silicon design – be it physical libraries, EDA tools, S/W toolchains in addition to the IC design flow itself.
From an IC engineering perspective, numerous safety-centric techniques are employed to improve the SIL level of a device. Some general techniques (in the logic domain) include Error Correction Code (ECC) protection on memories, parity on buses, Memory Protection Units (MPUs) for access control, watch-dog timers for monitoring program flow health, run-time (as against boot-time) diagnostics of hardware units, multi-bit implementation of key control bits with majority voting schemes etc. Devices aiming to achieve higher SIL levels would implement specific variations to basic safety monitoring features – four examples of which are listed below:
- The basic watchdog functionality is enhanced with the following features:
- The watchdog is clocked by a clock that is frequency and phase asynchronous to the CPU clock (on which the code is executing) – in other words using an independent time-base for the monitoring process.
- The code that holds off the watchdog periodically, itself is monitored in hardware to ensure that the ‘holding’ off occurs only within a pre-defined time window (this is to offer some protection against code that has gone rogue but is still regularly and incorrectly holding off the watchdog).
- While many serial communication standards include a signature computation scheme embedded in the protocol (and implemented in hardware in the link-layer), an additional common hardware engine is included in the ASIC with the following features:
- Capable of checking signatures over varying length payloads
- Programmable to implement standard CRCs (eg CRC16, CRC32) in addition to being programmable for arbitrary polynomials
- Fly-by-mode of CRC checking of blocks of data as they ‘fly-by’ between a peripheral and memory.
- Dedicated DMA-mode wherein memory-resident blocks of data are subjected to CRC checks.
- ‘Idiot’-proofing of critical interfaces (eg: making it impossible to abruptly stop a high-speed motor) by including specific hardware features
- Ensuring guaranteed real-time interrupt performance for critical interfaces by carefully crafting the interrupt architecture (eg: hardware vectoring, prioritization and pre-emption of several 100 interrupt sources rather than just a few 10s in the consumer world)
- Enforcing privilege levels and root-of-trust authentication mechanisms in hardware such that an interface cannot be activated / deactivated except from a particular run-time privilege level.
- Borrowing from safety-critical automotive applications (eg; power-train, airbag deployment etc), Functional Redundancy Check (FRC) implementations have started appearing in ultra-safety critical Industrial usages (eg: nuclear plant automation). FRC is an extreme implementation of program execution sequence monitoring at both temporal and logical levels wherein an entire processor core or even an entire computational subsystem is duplicated (sometimes even in triplicate) such that one operates in lock-step with the other and reports / initiates fail safe procedures as soon as the lock-step is lost. Since the cost involved in terms of chip die-size is usually prohibitive, FRC implementations are not common-place except in the most safety critical Industrial applications.
In the physical domain, safety-centric physical design techniques include symmetry avoidance in layout (especially on clock paths), physical over-design and closure against stringent IR/EM/OCV/DFX targets.
- Smart Embedded Processing
The challenge of achieving increased performance levels at reduced power budgets has been the primary driver for the proliferation of increasingly ‘smart’ Industrial control devices. The industrial IC space has been historically dominated for decades by the 8/16-bit computing architectures with hundreds of millions of devices deployed in the form of custom ASICs or ‘general-purpose’ Industrial MCUs. Over the past few years, 32-bit architectures (predominantly the ARM Cortex-M and R series) have forced their way into these spaces offering at one stroke significantly improved computational horsepower along with 8-bit class code and power efficiencies. These 32-bit architectures along with a robust tool and software ecosystem brought near-100% C-based – as against the historical assembly-based flow that used to be the norm – to the Industrial mainstream.
The integration of dedicated Floating-Point Engines (FPE) along with the main integer unit has allowed greater computational accuracies in Industrial applications (eg. high performance motor control) at the same time allowing these applications to be natively developed at a higher and more natural abstraction level (eg. in Matlab) without having to bother about the effort and inaccuracies involved in manual or semi-automated floating-to-fixed-point conversions. The FPE integration has followed the route of either a fully IEEE 754 compliant unit in the case of Industrial MCUs or stripped down FPEs supporting only a subset of floating point math operations in custom implementations targeting a specific industrial application. The majority of these FPE implementations for Industrial have limited themselves to single precision mathematical formats.
Embedded ‘smarts’ in the Industrial domain come in many unique ways; even a relatively routine function as a timer is usually unrecognizable from their counterparts in the consumer world – with the same timer being able to perform fractional counting at tens of frequencies, being scaled by tens of pre-scalers, using triggers from tens of peripherals, being able to skip/swallow pulses, being able to perform count value averaging, being able to self-calibrate time-bases against precision clock references, being able to perform multi-channel DMA un-assisted by an external DMA-controller etc. – all of these in addition to performing standard industrial control functions like compare or capture based timing. Often these timers are implemented as complex inter-linked state machines that run into several tens of kilo-gates; in the industrial SoC world the humble timer is neither humble nor a timer.
Devices of today integrate hardware acceleration engines for single (or groups of) sensor / actuator interfaces. For eg; in an electric meter application, the Metrology ASIC may integrate a dedicated Hall-Effect Sensor Engine that detects signal change, signal filtering, pattern matching, position storage and completion of the control loop without CPU intervention. On the ‘output’ side, (Pulse Width Modulation) PWM modules that once used to be ‘just’ duty-cycle modulation counters have become so sophisticated that it is not uncommon to see complete micro-coded hardware engines being integrated as programmable off-load engines.
Conclusion
Product teams designing ICs targeting the Industrial market need to carefully evaluate the challenges and trade-offs required to achieve certifiable functional safety ratings and intelligent computational capability in order to enable successful market adoption of these devices.
249 thoughts on “Industrial IC design: Functional Safety and Smart Embedded Processing”
cortisone sans ordonnance en pharmacie: acheter aspirine sans ordonnance – acheter amoxicilline sans ordonnance en pharmacie
acheter pilule en pharmacie sans ordonnance: PharmaDirecte – apranax sans ordonnance
pharma apotheek: Medicijn Punt – online apotheek frankrijk
https://snabbapoteket.com/# apotek tandkräm
billig hårfärg [url=http://snabbapoteket.com/#]covid tester apotek[/url] rosenrot apotek
https://zorgpakket.com/# de apotheek
narkotikatest apotek: rask levering apotek – nГ¦ringsdrikke apotek
https://snabbapoteket.com/# apotek snabb leverans
tГҐskillere apotek [url=https://tryggmed.com/#]Trygg Med[/url] apotek ГҐpningstider jul
apotek nett: TryggMed – dyvelsdrek apotek
apotek+: alla apotek – aloe vera apotek
https://snabbapoteket.com/# apotek självtest covid-19
https://zorgpakket.com/# medicijnen apotheek
medicatie apotheek: pharmacy nl – medicijn bestellen apotheek
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
https://snabbapoteket.com/# deodorant barn 7 är
apotheek zonder recept: medicijnen kopen – apohteek
apoteka se: Snabb Apoteket – skГ¤nka blГ¶jor
https://tryggmed.shop/# apotek –
http://snabbapoteket.com/# utslag i ansiktet bilder
online apotheek nederland met recept: apotheken – mijn apotheek
http://zorgpakket.com/# internetapotheek spanje
apotek 17 mai: Trygg Med – apotek vulkan
https://zorgpakket.com/# internet apotheek
massasje olje apotek: rosenrot apotek – kroppsolje apotek
https://expresscarerx.online/# online us pharmacy viagra
https://medimexicorx.com/# mexican drugstore online
pharmacy online india: ExpressCareRx – ExpressCareRx
methylphenidate online pharmacy: online pharmacy australia viagra – online pharmacy program
https://expresscarerx.org/# ExpressCareRx
world pharmacy india: best india pharmacy – top online pharmacy india
india pharmacy [url=https://indiamedshub.com/#]IndiaMedsHub[/url] world pharmacy india
https://indiamedshub.com/# top online pharmacy india
https://expresscarerx.org/# kroger online pharmacy
ExpressCareRx: boots pharmacy viagra price – global rx pharmacy irvine
viagra pills from mexico [url=https://medimexicorx.com/#]low cost mexico pharmacy online[/url] buy meds from mexican pharmacy
ivermectin pharmacy: rx choice pharmacy – blue cross blue shield online pharmacy
https://indiamedshub.com/# mail order pharmacy india
Lamivudin (Cipla Ltd) [url=http://expresscarerx.org/#]ExpressCareRx[/url] periactin online pharmacy
http://expresscarerx.org/# biaxin online pharmacy
https://medimexicorx.com/# MediMexicoRx
teva clozapine pharmacy: online pharmacy baclofen – online pharmacy drug store
IndiaMedsHub: IndiaMedsHub – indianpharmacy com
kroger pharmacy lisinopril [url=https://expresscarerx.org/#]dexamethasone pharmacy[/url] ExpressCareRx
https://indiamedshub.com/# IndiaMedsHub
online mexico pharmacy USA: MediMexicoRx – buy antibiotics over the counter in mexico
IndiaMedsHub: top 10 online pharmacy in india – best india pharmacy
https://indiamedshub.shop/# best online pharmacy india
https://expresscarerx.online/# advanced care rx pharmacy
order azithromycin mexico: order from mexican pharmacy online – gabapentin mexican pharmacy
MediMexicoRx: trusted mexican pharmacy – trusted mexican pharmacy
http://indiamedshub.com/# Online medicine order
trusted mexican pharmacy: semaglutide mexico price – buy propecia mexico
top online pharmacy india: cheapest online pharmacy india – india online pharmacy
https://expresscarerx.online/# mexican online pharmacy
ExpressCareRx [url=https://expresscarerx.org/#]ExpressCareRx[/url] northwestpharmacy
https://indiamedshub.shop/# IndiaMedsHub
IndiaMedsHub: online pharmacy india – top 10 pharmacies in india
indianpharmacy com: IndiaMedsHub – indian pharmacy
https://expresscarerx.online/# ExpressCareRx
mexican pharmacy online [url=https://expresscarerx.online/#]ambien mexican pharmacy[/url] ExpressCareRx
https://isotretinoinfromcanada.shop/# purchase generic Accutane online discreetly
cheap Cialis Canada: tadalafil online no rx – Cialis without prescription
cheap Accutane: Accutane for sale – order isotretinoin from Canada to US
https://tadalafilfromindia.shop/# generic Cialis from India
Finasteride From Canada: generic Finasteride without prescription – cheap Propecia Canada
https://finasteridefromcanada.shop/# generic Finasteride without prescription
https://finasteridefromcanada.shop/# generic Finasteride without prescription
buy Cialis online cheap [url=https://tadalafilfromindia.shop/#]tadalafil online no rx[/url] Tadalafil From India
Isotretinoin From Canada: order isotretinoin from Canada to US – cheap Accutane
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
https://lexapro.pro/# cheapest price for generic lexapro
Finasteride From Canada [url=http://finasteridefromcanada.com/#]Finasteride From Canada[/url] cheap Propecia Canada
Tadalafil From India: cheap Cialis Canada – generic Cialis from India
https://finasteridefromcanada.com/# Finasteride From Canada
Zoloft online pharmacy USA: sertraline online – cheap Zoloft
https://zoloft.company/# buy Zoloft online without prescription USA
cost of propecia: propecia without dr prescription – cheap Propecia Canada
buy lexapro online india: Lexapro for depression online – Lexapro for depression online
http://isotretinoinfromcanada.com/# Isotretinoin From Canada
https://zoloft.company/# generic sertraline
cheap Zoloft: Zoloft for sale – sertraline online
buy Cialis online cheap: cheap Cialis Canada – buy Cialis online cheap
https://isotretinoinfromcanada.shop/# isotretinoin online
Lexapro for depression online: buy lexapro australia – Lexapro for depression online
tadalafil online no rx: Cialis without prescription – cheap Cialis Canada
https://lexapro.pro/# lexapro 10 mg generic
https://zoloft.company/# sertraline online
cheap Propecia Canada [url=http://finasteridefromcanada.com/#]cheap Propecia Canada[/url] cheap Propecia Canada
buy Cialis online cheap: buy Cialis online cheap – generic Cialis from India
generic isotretinoin: order isotretinoin from Canada to US – cheap Accutane
https://zoloft.company/# buy Zoloft online without prescription USA
Lexapro for depression online [url=https://lexapro.pro/#]lexapro 2.5 mg[/url] Lexapro for depression online
tadalafil tablets 20 mg india: best tadalafil prices – tadalafil price in india
cheap Propecia Canada: propecia pills – cheap Propecia Canada
https://isotretinoinfromcanada.com/# purchase generic Accutane online discreetly
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
Finasteride From Canada [url=https://finasteridefromcanada.shop/#]cost propecia[/url] generic Finasteride without prescription
generic Finasteride without prescription: Finasteride From Canada – Propecia for hair loss online
http://tadalafilfromindia.com/# generic Cialis from India
generic lexapro australia [url=https://lexapro.pro/#]Lexapro for depression online[/url] best price for lexapro
buy Zoloft online without prescription USA: buy Zoloft online without prescription USA – buy Zoloft online
cheap Accutane: generic isotretinoin – order isotretinoin from Canada to US
https://zoloft.company/# Zoloft Company
generic Cialis from India [url=https://tadalafilfromindia.shop/#]tadalafil online no rx[/url] Cialis without prescription
http://isotretinoinfromcanada.com/# buy Accutane online
buy Zoloft online: generic sertraline – buy Zoloft online without prescription USA
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
lexapro online: how much is lexapro 10 mg – lexapro escitalopram
purchase generic Zoloft online discreetly: generic sertraline – Zoloft for sale
USA-safe Accutane sourcing [url=https://isotretinoinfromcanada.com/#]isotretinoin online[/url] generic isotretinoin
compare lexapro prices: Lexapro for depression online – lexapro discount
https://lexapro.pro/# Lexapro for depression online
tadalafil soft tabs: tadalafil capsules 21 mg – generic Cialis from India
purchase generic Accutane online discreetly [url=https://isotretinoinfromcanada.shop/#]Accutane for sale[/url] USA-safe Accutane sourcing
Lexapro for depression online: lexapro prescription price – buy lexapro from canada
cheap Propecia Canada: Propecia for hair loss online – cheap Propecia Canada
Zoloft Company: Zoloft Company – purchase generic Zoloft online discreetly
Zoloft Company: Zoloft Company – Zoloft online pharmacy USA
order isotretinoin from Canada to US: buy Accutane online – isotretinoin online
https://lexapro.pro/# price for lexapro 10 mg
order cheap clomid without prescription: Clomid Hub Pharmacy – get clomid
Relief Meds USA: Relief Meds USA – how can i get prednisone
does gabapentin affect blood glucose: NeuroRelief Rx – NeuroRelief Rx
http://clearmedsdirect.com/# order amoxicillin without prescription
prednisone 20mg cheap: prednisone medication – order corticosteroids without prescription
Modafinil for ADHD and narcolepsy: nootropic Modafinil shipped to USA – WakeMeds RX
NeuroRelief Rx: NeuroRelief Rx – gabapentin accion
order corticosteroids without prescription: Relief Meds USA – order corticosteroids without prescription
https://clomidhubpharmacy.shop/# Clomid Hub
affordable Modafinil for cognitive enhancement: prescription-free Modafinil alternatives – nootropic Modafinil shipped to USA
can you buy amoxicillin over the counter in canada: amoxicillin 500mg prescription – low-cost antibiotics delivered in USA
Clear Meds Direct: order amoxicillin without prescription – amoxicillin 500
Relief Meds USA: buying prednisone – Relief Meds USA
how can i get clomid for sale [url=http://clomidhubpharmacy.com/#]how to buy clomid online[/url] where to get clomid prices
https://neuroreliefrx.shop/# gabapentin and sleepiness
prednisone generic brand name: order corticosteroids without prescription – can you buy prednisone over the counter in usa
order prednisone online no prescription: Relief Meds USA – prednisone buy
where to buy Modafinil legally in the US: order Provigil without prescription – affordable Modafinil for cognitive enhancement
Clear Meds Direct: ClearMeds Direct – low-cost antibiotics delivered in USA
ReliefMeds USA: Relief Meds USA – anti-inflammatory steroids online
cost generic clomid without a prescription: how to buy clomid without rx – where buy cheap clomid without rx
ReliefMeds USA: ReliefMeds USA – prednisone for sale no prescription
http://wakemedsrx.com/# Modafinil for focus and productivity
anti-inflammatory steroids online: Relief Meds USA – buy 10 mg prednisone
ClearMeds Direct: amoxicillin 500mg pill – amoxicillin without prescription
Clomid Hub Pharmacy: can you get generic clomid online – Clomid Hub Pharmacy
Relief Meds USA: prednisone oral – ReliefMeds USA
smart drugs online US pharmacy: prescription-free Modafinil alternatives – WakeMeds RX
Clomid Hub [url=https://clomidhubpharmacy.shop/#]cost of clomid without dr prescription[/url] Clomid Hub
what class is gabapentin in: can you take gabapentin with clonazepam – NeuroRelief Rx
https://neuroreliefrx.shop/# can you take ativan and gabapentin together
order corticosteroids without prescription: buy prednisone online india – buy prednisone 10mg
NeuroRelief Rx: gabapentin 300 mg cvs – NeuroRelief Rx
prednisone 250 mg: how much is prednisone 10mg – order corticosteroids without prescription
online order prednisone 10mg: Relief Meds USA – buy prednisone online no script
prescription-free Modafinil alternatives [url=http://wakemedsrx.com/#]safe Provigil online delivery service[/url] buy Modafinil online USA
ClearMeds Direct: order amoxicillin without prescription – amoxicillin 500mg capsules uk
ReliefMeds USA: ReliefMeds USA – can you buy prednisone over the counter uk
https://neuroreliefrx.shop/# NeuroRelief Rx
ClearMeds Direct: amoxicillin where to get – order amoxicillin without prescription
Relief Meds USA [url=https://reliefmedsusa.shop/#]order prednisone 10 mg tablet[/url] order corticosteroids without prescription
prednisone online india: anti-inflammatory steroids online – anti-inflammatory steroids online
Relief Meds USA: buy 40 mg prednisone – Relief Meds USA
prednisone 10mg prices: anti-inflammatory steroids online – Relief Meds USA
affordable Modafinil for cognitive enhancement [url=https://wakemedsrx.com/#]Modafinil for focus and productivity[/url] Modafinil for focus and productivity
get generic clomid tablets: order generic clomid for sale – clomid generic
online shopping pharmacy india: india pharmacy – buy medicines online in india
https://mexicarerxhub.shop/# MexiCare Rx Hub
best india pharmacy [url=https://indigenixpharm.com/#]online shopping pharmacy india[/url] indian pharmacies safe
canadian neighbor pharmacy: canadian drug stores – certified canadian international pharmacy
buy propecia mexico: viagra pills from mexico – MexiCare Rx Hub
MexiCare Rx Hub: MexiCare Rx Hub – reputable mexican pharmacies online
http://canadrxnexus.com/# CanadRx Nexus
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – canada cloud pharmacy
canada drugs online: onlinecanadianpharmacy 24 – CanadRx Nexus
MexiCare Rx Hub: MexiCare Rx Hub – accutane mexico buy online
indian pharmacy online: IndiGenix Pharmacy – pharmacy website india
best mexican online pharmacies: mexico pharmacies prescription drugs – mexico drug stores pharmacies
safe place to buy semaglutide online mexico: mexico pharmacy – legit mexican pharmacy for hair loss pills
https://indigenixpharm.shop/# pharmacy website india
MexiCare Rx Hub [url=https://mexicarerxhub.shop/#]buy propecia mexico[/url] MexiCare Rx Hub
CanadRx Nexus: canada drug pharmacy – CanadRx Nexus
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
MexiCare Rx Hub: MexiCare Rx Hub – MexiCare Rx Hub
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – IndiGenix Pharmacy
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
IndiGenix Pharmacy: top 10 online pharmacy in india – top online pharmacy india
http://mexicarerxhub.com/# mexican pharmaceuticals online
reputable canadian online pharmacies: canadian mail order pharmacy – reliable canadian pharmacy
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
top online pharmacy india: IndiGenix Pharmacy – mail order pharmacy india
cheapest online pharmacy india: india online pharmacy – top 10 pharmacies in india
IndiGenix Pharmacy: buy prescription drugs from india – IndiGenix Pharmacy
https://indigenixpharm.shop/# IndiGenix Pharmacy
safe online pharmacies in canada: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
CanadRx Nexus: canadian mail order pharmacy – legitimate canadian pharmacies
CanadRx Nexus: CanadRx Nexus – CanadRx Nexus
best online pharmacies in mexico: best online pharmacies in mexico – MexiCare Rx Hub
IndiGenix Pharmacy: IndiGenix Pharmacy – best india pharmacy
online pharmacy india: world pharmacy india – indianpharmacy com
http://mexicarerxhub.com/# mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
rybelsus from mexican pharmacy: order azithromycin mexico – order kamagra from mexican pharmacy
top 10 pharmacies in india: top 10 online pharmacy in india – IndiGenix Pharmacy
get viagra without prescription from mexico: cheap cialis mexico – п»їmexican pharmacy
lasix 100 mg tablet: FluidCare Pharmacy – FluidCare Pharmacy
trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA: RelaxMedsUSA – order Tizanidine without prescription
relief from muscle spasms online: safe online source for Tizanidine – muscle relaxants online no Rx
https://relaxmedsusa.shop/# muscle relaxants online no Rx
ivermectin poisoning in dogs: buy stromectol – ivermectin mites
FluidCare Pharmacy: lasix furosemide 40 mg – buy furosemide online
ivermectin candida: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
http://ivercarepharmacy.com/# ivermectin eye drops
lasix for sale: furosemide 100mg – FluidCare Pharmacy
IverCare Pharmacy: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
FluidCare Pharmacy: lasix – lasix generic
buy Zanaflex online USA [url=http://relaxmedsusa.com/#]relief from muscle spasms online[/url] Tizanidine 2mg 4mg tablets for sale
what is the max dose of semaglutide: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
AsthmaFree Pharmacy [url=https://asthmafreepharmacy.com/#]AsthmaFree Pharmacy[/url] cheap ventolin inhalers
IverCare Pharmacy: IverCare Pharmacy – oral ivermectin for pigs
IverCare Pharmacy: IverCare Pharmacy – how ivermectin works
IverCare Pharmacy: stromectol coronavirus – ivermectin price in india
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – can you take semaglutide with high blood pressure medication
rybelsus medicamento [url=https://glucosmartrx.com/#]semaglutide plateau[/url] AsthmaFree Pharmacy
how to use ivermectin for dogs: is ivermectin – ivermectin pour on for cattle label
http://relaxmedsusa.com/# trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA
ventolin tablet 2 mg: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
order Tizanidine without prescription: affordable Zanaflex online pharmacy – RelaxMedsUSA
https://asthmafreepharmacy.shop/# ventolin australia buy
ivermectin pill [url=http://ivercarepharmacy.com/#]stromectol 3 mg[/url] ivermectin and alcohol consumption
ivermectin australia 2021: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA: prescription-free muscle relaxants – RelaxMeds USA
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: is rybelsus bad for kidneys – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
order Tizanidine without prescription: cheap muscle relaxer online USA – muscle relaxants online no Rx
https://ivercarepharmacy.shop/# buy stromectol 6 mg online
FluidCare Pharmacy: furosemide 100 mg – lasix for sale
oral ivermectin for humans: ivermectin for covid – IverCare Pharmacy
Tizanidine tablets shipped to USA: prescription-free muscle relaxants – trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA
ventolin with out prescription [url=https://asthmafreepharmacy.shop/#]buy ventolin pills online[/url] where can i buy ventolin online
FluidCare Pharmacy: lasix online – FluidCare Pharmacy
semaglutide meal plan: rybelsus covered by insurance – AsthmaFree Pharmacy
ivermectin vs albendazole [url=https://ivercarepharmacy.shop/#]IverCare Pharmacy[/url] stromectol dosing
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – canada pharmacy ventolin
https://ivercarepharmacy.shop/# heartgard plus ivermectin pyrantel
AsthmaFree Pharmacy: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – rybelsus canada cost
safe online source for Tizanidine [url=https://relaxmedsusa.com/#]trusted pharmacy Zanaflex USA[/url] prescription-free muscle relaxants
order ventolin online no prescription: ventolin 10 mg – ventolin price australia
rybelsus preГ§o: AsthmaFree Pharmacy – rybelsus covered by medicare
what is semaglutide made of [url=https://glucosmartrx.com/#]AsthmaFree Pharmacy[/url] rybelsus low blood sugar